The eradication of poverty Essay Example for Free

The eradication of poverty Essay Sentence Outline: 1. Government action and charity from the business sector and private individuals helps  in the eradication of poverty. 2. Education is a way of helping the poverty stricken to better themselves and increase  their standard of living. 3. The injection of money into the economy by the government, foreign investment or  foreign aid may help decrease poverty by creating jobs. 4. Family planning is a useful tool in the eradication of poverty. 5. Drug treatment centers will aid in the task of the eradicating poverty. Conclusion: Poverty may be caused by many factors for instance lack of jobs, lack of skills, one may be born into poverty or one may be forced into poverty by lifestyle choices. Irrespective of the cause of poverty the eradication of poverty should be a worldwide goal as it brings benefit to no one. This is why help should be forthcoming from all sectors of the population including the government, the business sector and private individuals to rid society of the problem of poverty. ESSAY: The eradication of poverty. There are many different reasons why poverty occurs and as such there are  many different avenues to pursue in the eradication of poverty. The term poverty may have vastly differing meaning to people from different countries or backgrounds. This occurs because poverty is not uniform everywhere and the methods of eradicating poverty need to be adapted to the different situations that exist. Nevertheless the need for support from governments, the business sector, non-profit organizations and the public is needed on a worldwide basis. Government action, charity from the business sector and private individuals helps in the eradication of poverty. For instance, the government may institute school feeding programmes so that underprivileged children will have at least one meal a day. Members of the business sector may contribute funds towards building a shelter for the homeless and private individuals may donate items such as clothing to the poor. Provision of shelter, meals and clothing to the poor and homeless is the first step towards increasing their standard of living as their basic needs are being met. Education is a way of helping the poverty stricken to better themselves and increase their standard of living. The government and non-profit organizations working alone or together can provide free training to the poor. The provision of training will allow these less fortunate individuals to learn a skill, which they can use to make themselves employable or earn a higher wage. This will enable them to enjoy a better standard of living as they can better provide for themselves and their families. The injection of money into the economy by the government, foreign investment or foreign aid may help decrease poverty by creating jobs. People who were previously unemployed may be able to find gainful employment. They would then be able to increase their standard of living as they now have a reliable source of income to provide for their needs. Family planning is another useful tool in the eradication of poverty. Many families still experience poverty even though both parents are employed. This occurs many of the times because there are too many children to support with the income being earned. Through education about family planning people  can learn to have manageable sized families where they can enjoy a reasonable standard of living even if their income is not very high. Lastly, drug treatment centers will aid in the task of eradicating poverty. Many people become destitute because of their addiction to drugs. Centers are needed where these people can go to for help to overcome their addiction. Overcoming drug addiction will be the first step to overcoming poverty for these people. Once a drug addict has been rehabilitated he can move on with his life and once more become a useful member of society and provide for himself. Poverty may be caused by many factors for instance lack of jobs, lack of skills, one may be born into poverty or one may be forced into poverty by lifestyle choices. Irrespective of the cause of poverty the eradication of poverty should be a worldwide goal as it brings benefit to no one. This is why help should be forthcoming from all sectors of the population including the government, the business sector and private individuals to rid society of the problem of poverty.

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With the turning point of the American Revolution in the favor of the Americans being the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 and the eventual surrender of British General Cornwallis to George Washington in 1781, the Americans finally earned and gained the freedom they desired from the British. From the beginning when the Articles of Confederation were ratified by all thirteen colonies in 1781 through 1789 when the Constitution was ratified by nine states, the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective government. This experimentation with new government was very new in every sense of the word. New things are not always perfect just as new computer programs may have glitches but as with new computer programs; the Articles of Confederation could have been developed and improved to a stronger government. The Americans did not leave any room for improvement and development for the Articles of Confederation, which contributed to its downfall. Americans were fearful of trying something new and with the Constitution. They were afraid of turning back to a government extremely similar of the British government. As a result the Articles provided an effective government politically, economically, and diplomatically from 1781 to 1789. The political effectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is obvious in that it was written in the spirit of independence from the British government and was, as a result, written as a different government as opposed to the government of the British. The Articles explained that the union of the states as a confederacy, a loose group of independent states. This guaranteed that their new government would not include the politics of the past British government. â€Å"They said States hereby sever... ... the Constitution that it was necessary. Opponents to the new plan, anti-federalists, criticized it most on it creating a strong central government that will be abusive to individual liberty. It wasn’t even until the Bill of Rights was drafted by James Madison that people started to accept the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation may have extended much power to the states, which can be interpreted as a way of separating the states; the unity of the states under the Articles of Confederation should be interpreted as Aristotle observed that â€Å"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.† The Articles of Confederation never got its fair chance to spread its wings as a government and show the world how high it could actually soar. However, during its term from 1781 to 1781, the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with and effective government.

Fast Food Effects on Health

Fast Food Effects on Health In today’s age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone from a 2-year-old toddler to a 60-year-old grandpa seems to be enjoying it every chance they get. And why not? It’s delicious, it’s filling, is really affordable, and readily available just any time of the day, being only a drive through phone call away. What more can you ask for when you are living life in the fast lane? Well, plenty – fast food is all good tasting, except that it is not nutritionally balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular basis. Fast food is loaded with calories from refined sugar and fats (especially, the artery-clogging saturated and hydrogenated fats, which are repeatedly reheated to high temperatures for frying purposes). It is also very high in sodium, coming from common salt and other additives. On top of all this, fast food is deficient in dietary fiber and essential micro-nutrients like vitamins and minerals. To make matters worse, heaps of fast food are normally guzzled down with gallons of sugar-rich colas – which many fast-food restaurants serve free with food as an incentive. To make a long story short, all this results in piling up of unused empty calories in the body, which get stored as body fat – till one day you look in the mirror and realize that your great figure has been replaced by this creature in the mirror. But that’s not the end of the story, it’s just the beginning – consuming too much fast food not only turns a handsome guy into an unsightly obese man, but as Eric Schlosser points out in his book Please enable JavaScript to view this page content properly. it is a big health hazard too. And being physically inactive only adds to the problem of obesity. Not many people who love fast food are ready to acknowledge that obesity is not simply an eyesore – it is a major risk factor for a large number of deadly diseases like hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and even many types of cancers. Recent scientific studies have shown that high-calorie foods rich in fats, refined sugar and salt could reconfigure the hormones in the body in such a way that they make you crave for such foods and always leave you asking for more. In other words, fast food is kind of addictive; you get hooked on to it and continue consuming it in an uncontrolled way in spite of knowing that it is unhealthy. The more you consume, the more difficult it is for you to opt for healthy foods. The situation is worse in case of children who from a very young age get hooked on fast food. Making them change their food habits from fatty and sweet foods and develop a taste for health-promoting fruits and vegetables is a task easier said than done. Such children would grow up to be obese adults who have never felt the advantages of being a healthy weight. To sum up, consuming fast food on a regular basis leads to many health hazards. But bringing about changes in eating habits is not easy. To start with, a simple change that one could make is to successively reduce the frequency of eating fast food and eat more frequently home-cooked food, with plenty of fresh foods and vegetables.

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus. “In 2010, An Estimated 25.8

Type II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become more prevalent in the United States due to the decrease in physical activity, the increase in obesity rates, and also the predisposition of genetic factors. In this paper I am going to cover description of history and the disease, etiology, signs and†¦show more content†¦2014). Therefore, type II diabetes mellitus is very prominent in the Untied States of America. Type II diabetes is a chronic disease where insulin secretion is lacking therefore causing hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan 2011). Although insulin levels are often very high in the early phases of the disease, the peripheral insulin and increase hepatic production of glucose make insulin inadequate to normalize plasma glucose levels (Porter, Kaplan 2011). With that being said the insulin production decreases and further worsening hyperglycemia. There are many cause of this disease that an individual should be aware of. Etiology Type II diabetes is highly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. According to the 53rd edition of the Current Medical Diagnosis Treatment, the majority of the epidemiologic study indicates strong genetic influences, since in monozygotic twins over 40 years of age, similarity develops in over 70% of cases within a year whenever type 2 diabetes develops in one twin (Papadakis et al., 2014). The causes or indicators of type II diabetes include: obesity, lack of physical activity, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of less than 35 or triglyceride of greater then 250, and seriously impaired glucose tolerance (Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2009). One the biggest environmental factors that causes insulin resistance is obesity, which could be due to the lack of physicalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ambient Air Pollution and Diabetes Mellitus2776 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction and Purpose Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a disorder in which the body is incapable of fully utilizing converted energy taken from food. There are three types of diabetes: type 1 or insulin-dependent, type 2 or adult on-set, and gestational diabetes (Webmd.com, 2014). According to the American Diabetes Association, in 2011 there were approximately 25.8 million cases of diabetes in the United States, 7 million of which were undiagnosed, and an estimated 79 million cases ofRead MoreRisk Factor For Global Disease Burden3283 Words   |  14 PagesEssential or primary hypertension, the world’s leading risk factor for global disease burden, is expected to cause more than half of the estimated 17 million deaths per year resulting from cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide.1 Defined as an elevation of blood pressure (BP) beyond 140/90 mm Hg, hypertension is strongly correlated with adverse outcomes such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and end stage renal disease. The challenges of managing hypertension and preventing the development

Research Paper Dave Matthews - 1489 Words

There are many phenomenal musicians in the world, but very few as diverse and cultured as Dave Matthews. Matthews was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1967. Matthews and his family then moved two years later to Westchester County, New York, where his dad went to work for IBM. Then, in the early `70s, Matthews and his family moved to Cambridge, England, before returning to New York. It was in Cambridge where Matthews dad died in 1977 from Hodgkins disease. After his fathers death, the family moved back to South Africa in 1980. It was here that Matthews went to a few different schools and learned more about the evils of government, there and in general. Possibly the most favorable move of Matthews fans was in 1986 when he†¦show more content†¦So maybe (his travels) just gave me a wider pool of listening (dmband.com). The only option for Matthews was to find the best musicians around and surround him with them. The Dave Matthews Band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia, in early 1991, when Matthews decided to put some songs he had written on tape. Instead of simply recording himself with a guitar, he instead decided to bring in some instrumental help to give his musical ideas more depth. His first move was finding the right people to play the parts in his band that he decided fit. He began his search and formed the racially integrated band that is now known worldwide and are continuously ranked in the top five for the largest grossing concert tours of the year. The key roles were soon filled by phenomenal musicians in the area. Dave found assistance in drummer Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore who were both accomplished jazz musicians in the local Charlottesville music scene. Based on the recommendation of distinguished local jazz guru John Dearth, 16-year-old musical prodigy Stefan Lessard came on board to play bass. Completing the band was keyboard player Peter Griesar, w ho left the band after a couple of years, as well as the talented and classically trained violinist, Boyd Tinsley The band was finally formed, and they played their first officialShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Towards Disabled Individuals Is Prevalent Society Today Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination towards disabled individuals is prevalent society today. In this paper I will be discussing various forms of representation of disability in the media. I did my research on the examples by locating an organization known as Stop Ableism, which gave links and sources to various tokenistic and ablist representations in the media. I made the decisions on which section the examples would go into first by deciding if they were ablist and tokenistic or not, then figuring out how severe theRead MoreTorture : Should It Ever Be Tolerated?1661 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased tremendously and according to the United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, torture is categorized as a crim e internationally recognized by law. The paper aims at presenting my stand on torture and whether or not it should be tolerated. According to my research, I ascertain that torture should not be tolerated. Throughout the paper, different arguments concerning torture will be presented including the researches already established on the issue. The terrorist attacks that took placeRead MoreEssay on Web Audio: Downloading Audio On The Internet1820 Words   |  8 PagesWeb Audio: Downloading Audio on the Internet Legally and Illegally Prospectus Web Audio: Downloading Audio on the Internet Legally and Illegally Statement of Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the legality of downloading music over the Internet. The paper will reflect the different methods available for Internet downloading such as subscription and peer-to-peer sharing. Methods and Procedures The resources used to find information on the topic were found from articlesRead MoreApplying A Long Term Investment Program2318 Words   |  10 Pagesmaking a list of what you owe and the amounts associated with your monthly payments one can better identify the debts that must be paid off in order to optimize the amount that individual is able to contribute to their long-term financial goals. 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A Historical Perspective Into Surgery - 1842 Words

Introduction In the context of surgery, the formalisation of the branch, plastic surgery, has been done so relatively recently. (Reference 1) And even more recently, has there been the division of the field, into its two major branches: cosmetic surgery and reconstructive surgery reference 2. However, on deeper analysis, the distinction between the two seems ambiguous, and the text pertaining to the formation of the two is limited. This project will give a historical perspective into the emergence of plastic surgery as an isolated field, and thereafter the formation of cosmetic surgery as a domain within the field. The term plastic, is derived from the Greek, â€Å"plastikos†, meaning â€Å"able to be moulded.† reference 1 The account of the first ever surgical procedure, which attempted to â€Å"mould† the human body can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians reference 2. There is reference to a procedure, within the ancient Egyptian surgical treatise, which is also known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which attempted to reconstruct the nose of an individual. However, it is the Bolognese surgeon, Gaspare Tagliocozzi (1545-1599) , who is widely accepted as the father of plastic surgery in the west, as it is thought, he was the first to perform, a surgical procedure, in the west, which would currently fall under the bracket of plastic surgery, in 1597 AD reference (4). The procedure, currently known formally as a rhinoplasty, is written about in detail within his works : De CurtorumShow MoreRelatedHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1163 Words   |  5 PagesHistori cal Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Abnormal Psychology PSY 410 January 30, 2012 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology For many years, various forms of madness have been noted in every culture. 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Ethical Dilemma and Theories

Question: Discuss about theEthical Dilemma and Theories. Answer: Ethical Dilemma Essay Ethical Dilemma Description at Apple Inc Apple Inc is a US based company which is headquartered at California. The company manufactures and sells electronics and computer software across the globe. The company was the pioneer to introduce computers in early 90s. Apple has established its brand recognition through innovative products and services (Apple, 2017). On one hand, Apple brings a smile on the face of its customers and on the other hand, it deploys child labor for its production and assembling. Child labor is one of the most critical issues which has shaken the world with its astonishing numbers and figures. There are more than 150 million children below the age of fifteen, who are involved in paid and unpaid form of job (Unicef, 2016). The company accepted that children between the ages of 11-15 were involved in three of the suppliers of Apple Inc. Though, the locations of the factories were not revealed by the company, but most of the assembling is done in China. The other factories of Apple are located in Singapore, Taiwan, US, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Czech Republic. Apple claimed to no longer employee child labor in its supply chain process and justified the child labor by saying that the company intended to provide financial support to the underage children and promoted Kohlbergs stage 1 of Obedience and Punishment (Wood, 2007). This was not the first time that Apple was accused of employing child labor in its factories where the parts were assembled (Zane, Irwin, Reczek, 2016). The child workers were forced to work under hazardous conditions which was a threat to their life. The workers at one of the factories of Apple were poisoned by n-hexane gas which is harmful chemical and affects the eyesight and muscles of the body. Further, the factories were also not ventilated properly which again threatens the life of the workers. One of the Taiwanese supplier of Apple was reported to have a suicide because of charging the worker with allegation for stealing the prototype of iphone. Further, the factories were found to violate the rule of Apple, which states that the maximum working hour for a worker is 60 hours per week (Moore, 2010). The problem worsened in the year 2011 and more number of children was found to be employed in the factories of Apple (Moore, 2011). Ethical Dilemma: How Apple could address the issue of child labor in its supply chain, especially in those locations where child labor is a common phenomenon and how can Apple assure that these children would be given some better opportunity or would be forced into deeper form of exploitation. Ethical dilemma is a scenario when one is faced with the challenge of carrying out the most ethical course of action (Nathanson, 2017). In the case of Apple, on one hand it is providing electronic gadgets to the consumers and on the other hand, children below the age of 15 are forced to assemble the parts of those gadgets. In spite of laying down its rules and regulations for the suppliers, child labor is being deployed and is forced to work under unsafe working conditions. Apple took the initiative to audit its supply chain process to identify the children involved in the process of manufacturing and assembling (Moore, 2016). The company also claimed that when it finds a child below the age of 15, it pays off the child and then financially supports him to continue his education. The company is faced with the ethical dilemma of how to ensure that no underage children are being employed by its factories. In order to understand the ethical dilemma, the report would shed some light on the plight of a child labor. The children in the countries suffer from poverty and do not have any means to survive. The child becomes the only source of income for his familys sustenance. The child pays for the school fees of his siblings and also takes responsibility of providing bread and butter (Srivastava, 2011). The children in developing and under developed countries do not have access to basic amenities of food, shelter and education. The surrounding circumstances force these children to work at the age of below 15, at which they are suppose to attend their classes. The situation is far worse in the countries like Uzbekistan and East African countries where children die of starvation and have no shelter. Their only source of survival is sending their child to work. Their co ndition may get worsened when they are asked to leave their jobs because this job is all they have. For these children, school is not an option because of poor existing policies of these countries. The report makes an attempt to view the situation from another perspective which is utilitarianism theory that states that for a particular situation, ones action should contribute to the greatest welfare of the people and everybodys interest is at par (Nathanson, 2017). Now in such a scenario, it would become unethical to force these children to abandon their jobs when their entire family is dependent up on this job. On the other hand, it becomes ethical to permit child labor policy because that would go hand in favor of these helpless children (Mojonnier, 2012). Apple progressed to stage of Kohlberg (Legalistic Social Contract) by modifying the rules as per its convenience (Wood, 2007). This philosophy of utilitarianism is not digested by the multinational corporations because they fear that the image of their brand would be tarnished in the public and they would lose their consumer base. A second thought needs to be given on the agenda of child labor that if these companies are offering these children a job, free food and education, then are they being unethical. Thus, Apple demonstrated maxim 3 of universality by offering jobs to these children (Wood, 2007). However, looking the situation from other perspective, children define the future of a country and forcing these children to work at an early age would hamper their childhood. These children are deprived of their basic rights and are being forced to work under hazardous conditions (Human Rights Watch, 2017). Since a child is ignorant and does not have any idea about their rights and freedom. They are forced to work under unsafe conditions which have declared unsafe for adults as well (Mckenna, 2012). Every year, approximately there are 2.7 million children dying because of hazardous working conditions (The World Counts, 2014). These children lack the experience to work on machinery and tools and also get an exposure to toxic chemicals (ILO, 2017). The ethical dilemma displays maxim 1 of consistency (Wood, 2007). Thus, Apple has been continuously facing the above described ethical dilemma to employ child labor because on one hand they would deprive a child of his entitled rights and on the other hand, they would push the child towards other forms of exploitation. Ethical Solution After analyzing the problem, it can be assessed that addressing the issue of child labor is a challenging issue and would require the support of the company as well as government. It is clear that forcing the children to leave their jobs would affect the entire family of these children, who rely for bread and butter on these childrens income. Now the goal would be to ensure that these children do not fall victim of some other form of exploitation and therefore, retain these children in their supply chain activity. Now, once Apple has retained these children, it now needs to consider the magnitude of consequences from the moral intensity of Jones by demonstrating maxim 3 of universality through its utilitarian aspects (Wood, 2007): Supply chain mapping: Apple needs to take interest in understanding the entire process of supply chain including the second tier and third tier suppliers. Identify Risk: The company needs to identify the risk associated in the manufacturing process. Though Apple took the initiative to audit its own supply chain process but the results were ineffective because the number of child labor increased from 2009 to 2011. Therefore, company needs to consider the issue very seriously in order to adhere to the ILO standards. Transparency: The company needs to take maintain the transparency of the supply chain system to ensure that the vendors abide by the standard laws as prescribed by the company. Proper monitoring and control system: Instead of forcing the children to leave the factory, the company should rather take corrective action through proper monitoring and control system. Reforming Business Practices: Following plan of action should be layout in order to reform the business practices: Health and Safety Concerns: The Company must make sure the health and safety of these children, and the children should not be exposed to toxic elements or other hazardous working conditions. Proper ventilation facility must be available in the factory. Limited Working Hours: Further, the working hours must be limited to the limit of 60 hours per week to maintain the dignity of the workers. Agreement: The children must receive the salary they are entitled to and receive a dignified job which they deserve. They must receive an agreement stating about their job, salary, working hours and other terms and conditions which are as per the company policy. Education Opportunity: Further, they must receive free education and food so that they are not deprived of their childhood and can explore other employment opportunities once they achieve the age of 18. Portfolio of Evidence Contents The Ethical Leadership Debate Mike Gustavsson, being a retired lecturer of Business Ethics, stood against the motion and is of the view that the top management of any company plays a vital role in integrating ethical behavior in any business, thereby supporting ethical leadership in business schools. He believes that Ethical leadership focuses on doing the right thing and seeks to serve others to make a long lasting positive impact on the business. He is of the view that ethical leaders make better business decisions which shapes the business activities of an organization. Corporate governance is required to balance the economical and social goals of a business (Zimmerli, Richter Holzinger, 2007). Mike considers corporate governance as a business model that conducts fair dealings with all the stakeholders of the company including customers, employees, suppliers, communities and shareholders (Brink, 2011). He, therefore, displays the characteristics of discretionary stakeholder and promotes the rule of Universali ty which is Maxim 3 of Kants theory (Wood, 2007). Mike follows the universal ethical principle of Kohlbergs which considers justice and humanity above anything else (Garz, 2009). In spite of standing in strong support of high moral values and equality, Mike could not respect the rights and equality of his daughter and began to protest against Alfaraft AB, which turns the orientation of his beliefs from stakeholder to shareholder (Fryer, 2014). Jan Edward, being the CEO of Clean Solutions Inc, stood against the motion. She was of the view that ethics should not be separated from day to day business activities and every agenda must have ethics involved to assure ethical behavior. Jan strongly supported ethical leadership in a business and wanted to carry them together hand in hand. She engaged herself and her team in helping disadvantaged people to serve the society as a corporate social responsibility (Roa, 2007). Therefore, she strongly supported ethical leadership in education system. She belonged to the group of stakeholder because of her extended control over the business (Fryer, 2014). Her self-centered and self motivated characteristics demonstrated egoism (Osterberg, 2012). Her initiative towards corporate social responsibility and selfless concern for others demonstrated her altruistic beliefs (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). In spite of demonstrating stage 3 attributes of conventional morality, she was being naively egoistic al by wanting to change the trend by applying her own ethical principles which questions her ethical leadership mutual respect trait (Wood, 2007). Mei-Hua Felungs stood against the motion. Their decisions were influenced by the external factors including public opinion, laws and regulations etc. From her act and conduct, Mei-Hua demonstrated maxim 1 of consistency and utilitarian attributes (Wood, 2007). She also exhibited stage 3 of good boy good girl orientation along with stage 5 of legalistic social contract (Wood, 2007). She is perceived as at stage 4 of law and order orientation because of her professional characteristic to abide by legal obligations. From her ability of bending the rules as per her own convenience, she is found to exhibit stage 1 of obedience and punishment orientation (Wood, 2007). She would play with the rules to suit the needs of her clients and help them in tax evasion by strictly adhering to the rules and regulations. Deshi Chen stood favor of the motion because of his practical oriented belief and considered ethical leadership as an obstacle in the path of success of an organization. He demonstrated the opinion of shareholder and strongly opposed the integration of ethics in business (Fryer, 2014). His self-centered and self motivated attributes displayed egoism. Deshi exhibited stage 2 of instrumental relativist orientation because of his failure to understand the importance of ethics in business (Wood, 2007). He was also perceived to demonstrate stage 3 on the basis of social expectation conformities. All the parties stood in favor the motion except Deshi, who is considered to be the most transparent. On the other hand, Mei-Hua is considered the most unethical because of her persecution delusions. Ethical Dilemma of Boris After studying the debate The Case of the Holiday, the report aims to identify the ethical dilemmas of every character and reflecting upon the perspective of Boris illustratively. Team 1 perceives the ethical dilemma of Boris from the perspective of intriguing within the interests of company, client, manager and himself. The two options of Boris were to reschedule the launch of product which would have influenced the client relationship or cancel his holiday and benefit his career opportunity by enhancing the client relationship and contributing to the growth of business which would affect the relationship with Swee Lan. Team 2 illustrates the ethical dilemma of Swee Lan after the receiving the response from Boris. Swee Lan definitely had the authority to influence the decision of Boris to prioritize career or stay committed to the promised holiday. She was also influenced by her parents reaction and feared getting them upset. Team 3 recognized the ethical dilemma of manager by evaluating companys profit and planned holiday of Boris. It is clear that manager upholds his interests in fulfilling the needs of client to increase the business prospects which neglects the holiday of Boris. Or if he would grant the permission of holiday then that would severely influence the client relationship. Team 4 represents Marcus and his friends, whose dilemma is being highlighted when they react to the response of Boris to cancel his planned holiday for interest of company. They perceive this decision of Boris as impractical and express their concerns for the employment standards in the company, which needs to be enhanced so as to not put any employee in such a dilemma. Further, ethical dilemma of Boris has been illustrated. The company had a shareholder view because of its focus on profitability where employees were asked to strictly adhere to the rules and regulations to maintain their competency. They were expected to adhere their goals and objectives with that of the company to increase the overall productivity of the organization. Boris demonstrated the characteristics of obedience and punishment orientation of stage 1 of Kohlberg during the tenure of product release (Wood, 2007). The issue can be further illustrated as negligible room for manoeuvre which states that declining the order of an authority would lead to punishment by the company. This affected the decision of Boris due to which he cancelled the planned holiday to follow the order of manager. Utilitarianism theory helps to add another perspective of the situation by reflecting the action plan of Boris as the best choice which is in the favor of client, company and himself (Smith, 2008). Boris demonstrates the attributes of Type A which declares him as competitive, self-esteemed, ambitious and goal oriented which reflects his egoism (Osterberg, 2012). In the process, Boris begin to reflect the instrumental relativist orientation of stage 2 by thinking that this product launch would help him to advance in his career by awarding him the credit of increasing business prospects (Wood, 2007). Further, the moral intensity of Boris circumscribes around the results of the action. The possible outcome of the situation could either put his career in danger or affect his relationship with his girlfriend Swee Lan. Boris did not receive the consent of his friends as well as girlfriend for his decision to cancel his holiday plan. Overall, Boris used utilitarian approach for making his decision for the greater good of his company and client. Interpersonal and Team Working Skills During the process of analyzing cases, we had many conflicts due to our difference of opinions, which helped us to evolve our teamwork skills and interpersonal communication. To analyze the cases and scenarios, I came across various stages of moral development and maxim of ethical theories which play a significant role in the sustainability of an organization. The instrumental relativist orientation of Kohlbergs stage 2 is self-interest driven wherein, ones actions are determined from the personal gain and interest. The goal of our team was to solve the case studies by applying various ethical theories and models. The complete process involved many conflicts and arguments over the motion of the characters, yet the team stayed focused and motivated and every teammate contributed his opinion and argument to apply the suitable theory to the scenario. In order to contribute our best efforts, we segmented the task to allocate the segments to every individual which eased our efforts and served our purpose. This enabled every individual to develop his concepts of ethical theories and moral development. According to the theory of collectivism, individuals should help each other to establish mutual trust within the group. This helped us to move to Kohlbergs stage 3 which is good boy nice girl which is requisite to meet the social expectations. We had arguments while we tried to reach a common conclusion and I perceived it as an opportunity to utilize my ethical leadership by giving respect to every teammates view and opinion. I got the platform to enhance my interpersonal and teamwork skills by demonstrating my authority by paying equal respect to all. This facilitated us to progress to Kohlbergs stage 5 of Social contract legalistic orientation. We could now conclude to a common view point by listening to every members perspective. Thus, the case study helped me to understand the significance of Kants theory which is required to maintain the discipline in a team. References Apple. (2017). About. Apple. Retrieved from: https://www.apple.com/about/ Audi, R. (2009). 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